lark-base-workflow-guide.md 22 KB

Workflow 构造指南

本文档提供 Workflow 的完整构造示例、常见模式和错误避免指南。

配套文档:


快速开始

最简单的 Workflow

新增记录时发送消息通知:

{
  "client_token": "1704067200",
  "title": "新订单自动通知",
  "steps": [
    {
      "id": "trigger_1",
      "type": "AddRecordTrigger",
      "title": "监控新订单",
      "next": "action_1",
      "data": {
        "table_name": "订单表",
        "watched_field_name": "订单号"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "action_1",
      "type": "LarkMessageAction",
      "title": "发送通知",
      "next": null,
      "data": {
        "receiver": [{ "value_type": "user", "value": {"id": "ou_xxxx", "name": "张三"} }],
        "send_to_everyone": false,
        "title": [{ "value_type": "text", "value": "新订单提醒" }],
        "content": [
          { "value_type": "text", "value": "收到新订单" }
        ],
        "btn_list": []
      }
    }
  ]
}

场景速查表

场景 步骤组合 示例
新增触发+通知 AddRecordTrigger → LarkMessageAction 下方
定时+循环 TimerTrigger → FindRecordAction → Loop → LarkMessageAction 下方
条件判断 ... → IfElseBranch → 分支处理 下方
多路分类 ... → SwitchBranch → 多分支处理 下方
复杂组合 定时+查找+循环+分支+消息 下方

完整示例

示例 1: 新增记录触发 + 发送消息

场景: 当订单表新增记录时,发送飞书消息通知负责人。

{
  "client_token": "1704067201",
  "title": "新订单自动通知",
  "steps": [
    {
      "id": "step_trigger",
      "type": "AddRecordTrigger",
      "title": "新增订单时触发",
      "next": "step_notify",
      "data": {
        "table_name": "订单表",
        "watched_field_name": "订单号",
        "condition_list": null
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "step_notify",
      "type": "LarkMessageAction",
      "title": "发送订单通知",
      "next": null,
      "data": {
        "receiver": [{ "value_type": "ref", "value": "$.step_trigger.fldManager" }],
        "send_to_everyone": false,
        "title": [{ "value_type": "text", "value": "新订单提醒" }],
        "content": [
          { "value_type": "text", "value": "客户 " },
          { "value_type": "ref", "value": "$.step_trigger.fldCustomer" },
          { "value_type": "text", "value": " 创建了新订单,金额:¥" },
          { "value_type": "ref", "value": "$.step_trigger.fldAmount" }
        ],
        "btn_list": [
          {
            "text": "查看订单",
            "btn_action": "openLink",
            "link": [{ "value_type": "ref", "value": "$.step_trigger.recordLink" }]
          }
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}

关键点:

  • AddRecordTrigger 监控 table_name 表的 watched_field_name 字段
  • 使用 ref 引用触发器输出的字段值(注意是 fieldId,不是字段名)
  • recordLink 是触发器内置输出,表示记录链接

示例 2: 定时触发 + 查找记录 + 循环遍历 + 发送消息

场景: 每天早上 9 点,查找所有待处理订单,给每个客户发送提醒。

{
  "client_token": "1704067202",
  "title": "每日待处理订单提醒",
  "steps": [
    {
      "id": "step_timer",
      "type": "TimerTrigger",
      "title": "每天早上9点触发",
      "next": "step_find_orders",
      "data": {
        "rule": "DAILY",
        "start_time": "2025-01-01 09:00",
        "is_never_end": true
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "step_find_orders",
      "type": "FindRecordAction",
      "title": "查找所有待处理订单",
      "next": "step_loop_customers",
      "data": {
        "table_name": "订单表",
        "field_names": ["客户名称", "订单金额", "客户联系方式"],
        "should_proceed_when_no_results": false,
        "filter_info": {
          "conjunction": "and",
          "conditions": [
            {
              "field_name": "状态",
              "operator": "is",
              "value": [{ "value_type": "option", "value": { "name": "待处理" } }]
            }
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "step_loop_customers",
      "type": "Loop",
      "title": "遍历每个订单",
      "children": {
        "links": [
          { "kind": "loop_start", "to": "step_send_reminder" }
        ]
      },
      "next": null,
      "data": {
        "loop_mode": "continue",
        "max_loop_times": 100,
        "data": [{
          "value_type": "ref",
          "value": "$.step_find_orders.fieldRecords"
        }]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "step_send_reminder",
      "type": "LarkMessageAction",
      "title": "发送催办消息",
      "next": null,
      "data": {
        "receiver": [{
          "value_type": "ref",
          "value": "$.step_loop_customers.item.fldContact"
        }],
        "send_to_everyone": false,
        "title": [{ "value_type": "text", "value": "订单处理提醒" }],
        "content": [
          { "value_type": "text", "value": "您好,您的订单 " },
          { "value_type": "ref", "value": "$.step_loop_customers.item.fldName" },
          { "value_type": "text", "value": " 金额 ¥" },
          { "value_type": "ref", "value": "$.step_loop_customers.item.fldAmount" },
          { "value_type": "text", "value": " 正在处理中。" }
        ],
        "btn_list": []
      }
    }
  ]
}

关键点:

  • Loop.data 必须传入 ref 类型的数据源(通常是 FindRecordAction 的 fieldRecords
  • Loop.children.links 必须包含 kind: "loop_start" 的链接指向循环体
  • 循环体内用 $.{loopStepId}.item.{fieldId} 引用当前遍历记录的字段
  • $.{loopStepId}.index 获取当前索引(从 0 开始)

示例 3: 条件分支(IfElseBranch)

场景: 根据订单金额判断,大额订单通知主管审批,小额订单自动通过。

{
  "client_token": "1704067203",
  "title": "订单金额自动判断",
  "steps": [
    {
      "id": "step_trigger",
      "type": "AddRecordTrigger",
      "title": "新增订单时触发",
      "next": "step_check_amount",
      "data": {
        "table_name": "订单表",
        "watched_field_name": "订单金额"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "step_check_amount",
      "type": "IfElseBranch",
      "title": "判断是否为大额订单",
      "children": {
        "links": [
          { "kind": "if_true", "to": "step_notify_manager", "label": "high", "desc": "金额>=10000" },
          { "kind": "if_false", "to": "step_auto_approve", "label": "normal", "desc": "金额<10000" }
        ]
      },
      "next": "step_log",
      "data": {
        "condition": {
          "conjunction": "or",
          "conditions": [
            {
              "conjunction": "and",
              "conditions": [
                {
                  "left_value": { "value_type": "ref", "value": "$.step_trigger.fldAmount" },
                  "operator": "isGreaterEqual",
                  "right_value": [{ "value_type": "number", "value": 10000 }]
                }
              ]
            }
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "step_notify_manager",
      "type": "LarkMessageAction",
      "title": "通知主管审批大额订单",
      "next": "step_log",
      "data": {
        "receiver": [{ "value_type": "user", "value": {"id": "ou_manager", "name": "主管"} }],
        "send_to_everyone": false,
        "title": [{ "value_type": "text", "value": "大额订单待审批" }],
        "content": [
          { "value_type": "text", "value": "有大额订单 ¥" },
          { "value_type": "ref", "value": "$.step_trigger.fldAmount" },
          { "value_type": "text", "value": " 需要您审批" }
        ],
        "btn_list": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "step_auto_approve",
      "type": "SetRecordAction",
      "title": "自动标记小额订单为已审核",
      "next": "step_log",
      "data": {
        "table_name": "订单表",
        "ref_info": { "step_id": "step_trigger" },
        "field_values": [
          {
            "field_name": "审批状态",
            "value": [{ "value_type": "option", "value": { "name": "已自动审核" } }]
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "step_log",
      "type": "GenerateAiTextAction",
      "title": "生成订单处理日志",
      "next": null,
      "data": {
        "prompt": [
          { "value_type": "text", "value": "请生成订单处理日志,金额:" },
          { "value_type": "ref", "value": "$.step_trigger.fldAmount" }
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}

关键点:

  • IfElseBranch.children.links 必须包含 if_trueif_false 两个分支
  • next 指向两个分支汇合后的步骤(可选,为 null 则分支结束)
  • condition 使用 OrGroup 结构,支持 (A and B) or (C and D) 的复杂条件
  • 分支内可以用 ref_info 引用触发记录,用 filter_info 批量筛选记录

示例 4: 多路分支(SwitchBranch)

场景: 根据订单优先级(P0/P1/P2)执行不同的处理流程。

{
  "client_token": "1704067204",
  "title": "按优先级分类处理订单",
  "steps": [
    {
      "id": "step_trigger",
      "type": "AddRecordTrigger",
      "title": "新增订单时触发",
      "next": "step_classify",
      "data": {
        "table_name": "订单表",
        "watched_field_name": "优先级"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "step_classify",
      "type": "SwitchBranch",
      "title": "按优先级分类",
      "children": {
        "links": [
          { "kind": "case", "to": "step_p0_handler", "label": "p0", "desc": "P0-紧急" },
          { "kind": "case", "to": "step_p1_handler", "label": "p1", "desc": "P1-高优先级" },
          { "kind": "case", "to": "step_p2_handler", "label": "p2", "desc": "P2-普通" },
          { "kind": "case", "to": "step_other_handler", "label": "other", "desc": "其他" }
        ]
      },
      "next": null,
      "data": {
        "mode": "exclusive",
        "no_match_action": "classifyToOther",
        "child_branch_list": [
          {
            "name": "P0-紧急",
            "condition": {
              "conjunction": "or",
              "conditions": [
                {
                  "conjunction": "and",
                  "conditions": [
                    {
                      "left_value": { "value_type": "ref", "value": "$.step_trigger.fldPriority" },
                      "operator": "is",
                      "right_value": [{ "value_type": "option", "value": { "name": "P0" } }]
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ]
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "P1-高优先级",
            "condition": {
              "conjunction": "or",
              "conditions": [
                {
                  "conjunction": "and",
                  "conditions": [
                    {
                      "left_value": { "value_type": "ref", "value": "$.step_trigger.fldPriority" },
                      "operator": "is",
                      "right_value": [{ "value_type": "option", "value": { "name": "P1" } }]
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ]
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "P2-普通",
            "condition": {
              "conjunction": "or",
              "conditions": [
                {
                  "conjunction": "and",
                  "conditions": [
                    {
                      "left_value": { "value_type": "ref", "value": "$.step_trigger.fldPriority" },
                      "operator": "is",
                      "right_value": [{ "value_type": "option", "value": { "name": "P2" } }]
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ]
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "step_p0_handler",
      "type": "LarkMessageAction",
      "title": "P0紧急处理",
      "next": null,
      "data": {
        "receiver": [{ "value_type": "user", "value": {"id": "ou_director", "name": "总监"} }],
        "send_to_everyone": false,
        "title": [{ "value_type": "text", "value": "🚨 P0 紧急订单" }],
        "content": [{ "value_type": "text", "value": "有新的 P0 紧急订单需要立即处理" }],
        "btn_list": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "step_p1_handler",
      "type": "SetRecordAction",
      "title": "标记高优先级",
      "next": null,
      "data": {
        "table_name": "订单表",
        "ref_info": { "step_id": "step_trigger" },
        "field_values": [
          { "field_name": "处理状态", "value": [{ "value_type": "text", "value": "高优先级待处理" }] }
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "step_p2_handler",
      "type": "Delay",
      "title": "普通订单延迟处理",
      "next": null,
      "data": { "duration": 60 }
    },
    {
      "id": "step_other_handler",
      "type": "SetRecordAction",
      "title": "标记其他订单",
      "next": null,
      "data": {
        "table_name": "订单表",
        "ref_info": { "step_id": "step_trigger" },
        "field_values": [
          { "field_name": "处理状态", "value": [{ "value_type": "text", "value": "待分类" }] }
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}

关键点:

  • SwitchBranch 适合 3 路及以上的分支场景(少于 3 路用 IfElseBranch 更简洁)
  • children.linkskind: "case"label 对应 child_branch_list 中的条件
  • mode: "exclusive" 表示排他执行(第一个匹配的分支执行后停止)
  • no_match_action: "classifyToOther" 表示无匹配时走最后一个 case(兜底分支)

示例 5: 组合场景(定时+查找+循环+分支+消息)

场景: 每天早上 9 点,查找昨天的订单,按金额分级,给不同级别的销售发送不同的通知。

{
  "client_token": "1704067205",
  "title": "每日订单分级通知",
  "steps": [
    {
      "id": "step_timer",
      "type": "TimerTrigger",
      "title": "每天早上9点触发",
      "next": "step_find_orders",
      "data": {
        "rule": "DAILY",
        "start_time": "2025-01-01 09:00",
        "is_never_end": true
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "step_find_orders",
      "type": "FindRecordAction",
      "title": "查找昨天所有订单",
      "next": "step_loop",
      "data": {
        "table_name": "订单表",
        "field_names": ["订单号", "客户名称", "金额", "销售负责人"],
        "should_proceed_when_no_results": false,
        "filter_info": {
          "conjunction": "and",
          "conditions": [
            { "field_name": "创建时间", "operator": "isGreaterEqual", "value": [{ "value_type": "date", "value": "yesterday" }] }
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "step_loop",
      "type": "Loop",
      "title": "遍历每个订单",
      "children": {
        "links": [
          { "kind": "loop_start", "to": "step_classify" }
        ]
      },
      "next": "step_summary",
      "data": {
        "loop_mode": "continue",
        "max_loop_times": 500,
        "data": [{ "value_type": "ref", "value": "$.step_find_orders.fieldRecords" }]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "step_classify",
      "type": "SwitchBranch",
      "title": "按金额分类",
      "children": {
        "links": [
          { "kind": "case", "to": "step_vip_notify", "label": "vip", "desc": "VIP >= 10万" },
          { "kind": "case", "to": "step_normal_notify", "label": "normal", "desc": "普通 < 10万" }
        ]
      },
      "next": null,
      "data": {
        "mode": "exclusive",
        "no_match_action": "fail",
        "child_branch_list": [
          {
            "name": "VIP订单",
            "condition": {
              "conjunction": "or",
              "conditions": [
                {
                  "conjunction": "and",
                  "conditions": [
                    {
                      "left_value": { "value_type": "ref", "value": "$.step_loop.item.fldAmount" },
                      "operator": "isGreaterEqual",
                      "right_value": [{ "value_type": "number", "value": 100000 }]
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ]
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "普通订单",
            "condition": {
              "conjunction": "or",
              "conditions": [
                {
                  "conjunction": "and",
                  "conditions": [
                    {
                      "left_value": { "value_type": "ref", "value": "$.step_loop.item.fldAmount" },
                      "operator": "isLess",
                      "right_value": [{ "value_type": "number", "value": 100000 }]
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ]
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "step_vip_notify",
      "type": "LarkMessageAction",
      "title": "VIP订单通知",
      "next": null,
      "data": {
        "receiver": [{ "value_type": "ref", "value": "$.step_loop.item.fldSales" }],
        "send_to_everyone": false,
        "title": [{ "value_type": "text", "value": "🌟 VIP大额订单" }],
        "content": [
          { "value_type": "text", "value": "恭喜!您有一笔 VIP 订单 ¥" },
          { "value_type": "ref", "value": "$.step_loop.item.fldAmount" },
          { "value_type": "text", "value": ",客户:" },
          { "value_type": "ref", "value": "$.step_loop.item.fldCustomer" }
        ],
        "btn_list": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "step_normal_notify",
      "type": "LarkMessageAction",
      "title": "普通订单通知",
      "next": null,
      "data": {
        "receiver": [{ "value_type": "ref", "value": "$.step_loop.item.fldSales" }],
        "send_to_everyone": false,
        "title": [{ "value_type": "text", "value": "新订单通知" }],
        "content": [
          { "value_type": "text", "value": "您有一笔新订单 ¥" },
          { "value_type": "ref", "value": "$.step_loop.item.fldAmount" }
        ],
        "btn_list": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "step_summary",
      "type": "GenerateAiTextAction",
      "title": "生成日报",
      "next": null,
      "data": {
        "prompt": [
          { "value_type": "text", "value": "请生成昨日订单处理日报" }
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}

构造技巧

Loop 构造要点

  1. 数据源: Loop.data 必须传入 ref 类型,通常是 FindRecordActionfieldRecords
  2. 循环体: children.links 必须包含 kind: "loop_start" 指向循环体入口
  3. 引用: 循环体内用 $.{loopStepId}.item.{fieldId} 引用当前元素
  4. 索引: 用 $.{loopStepId}.index 获取当前索引(从 0 开始)

分支构造要点

  1. IfElseBranch:

    • 适合二元判断(是/否、大于/小于)
    • children.links 必须包含 if_trueif_false
    • 可以用 next 指向汇合点
  2. SwitchBranch:

    • 适合多路分类(3路及以上)
    • label 对应 child_branch_list 中的条件顺序
    • 建议加一个兜底分支(其他)

字段值构造

字段类型 value_type 示例
文本 text {"value_type": "text", "value": "张三"}
数字 number {"value_type": "number", "value": 100}
单选 option {"value_type": "option", "value": {"name": "已完成"}}
人员 user {"value_type": "user", "value": {"id": "ou_xxxx"}}
引用 ref {"value_type": "ref", "value": "$.step_1.fldxxx"}

常见错误避免

Top 10 高频错误

# 错误信息 原因 解决方案
1 path "xxx" does not exist in the output path tree ref 引用路径错误或 stepId 不存在 检查 stepId 是否在 steps 数组中;使用 fieldId 而非字段名;确保路径以 $. 开头
2 recordInfo.conditions must be non-empty condition_list 为空数组 [] 改用 null 或省略该字段
3 At least one of filter info and ref info is required SetRecordAction/FindRecordAction 缺少定位条件 必须提供 filter_inforef_info 之一
4 client token is empty 缺少 client_token 每次请求传入唯一值(时间戳或随机字符串)
5 valueType 'text' not allowed for fieldType '3' select 类型字段值格式错误 改用 option 类型
6 Undefined Step Type 使用了不支持的 StepType 使用 AddRecordTrigger 而非 CreateRecordTrigger
7 prompt references an unknown reference from step 引用的 stepId 不存在 确保引用的 step 在同一 workflow 的 steps 数组中
8 [2200] Internal Error 1. steps[].id 重复 2. next/children.links 引用了不存在的 step 确保所有 step id 唯一;检查引用关系
9 工作流结构不完整 Branch/Loop 节点缺少 children 仅 Branch(IfElseBranch/SwitchBranch)和 Loop 节点需要 children,Trigger/Action 节点无需设置
10 嵌套分支过于复杂 多层 IfElseBranch 嵌套 3+ 路分支用 SwitchBranch 替代嵌套 IfElseBranch

其他常见错误

1. condition_list 为空数组

// ❌ 错误
{ "condition_list": [] }

// ✅ 正确
{ "condition_list": null }
// 或省略该字段

2. filter_info 和 ref_info 同时提供

// ❌ 错误
{ "filter_info": {...}, "ref_info": {...} }

// ✅ 正确(二选一)
{ "filter_info": {...}, "ref_info": null }
{ "filter_info": null, "ref_info": {...} }

3. 使用字段名而非 fieldId

// ❌ 错误
{ "value": "$.step_1.客户名称" }

// ✅ 正确
{ "value": "$.step_1.fldXXXXXXXX" }

参考